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in: Health and medicine

Reproductive health

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Sana Starros
We have to move.
Aryssha
No can do, Sanisi. These babies are en route.
Sana Starros (eyebrow raised)
Are you sure?
Aryssha
I think I can tell when a head is... ow-ow-ow-ow.
Sana Starros
Okay, okay! You all take care of this. I'll find Deva and be back.
— Two Starros cousins argue about whether one is in labor[1]

Reproductive health seems very, very iffy in a galaxy far, far away despite all the other medical advancements compared to reality. Maybe the best that can be said is: at least the GFFA seems to understand the importance of keeping things sterile? Characters may struggle with miscarriages, die in childbirth, or get treated by droids that don't know what's going on medically—meanwhile they have bacta tanks, cloning, cybernetic prosthetics and hoverchairs, facial transformation programs, brain surgery an amateur can do... Then again, plenty of characters have healthy pregnancies and give live birth to healthy offspring. And for four decades, nobody had a menstrual cycle.

Quick reference[]

Here are some RL things that exist in the GFFA:

  • Assisted reproductive technology, in the form of: "fertilization and incubation" at a Reproductive Center[2]
  • Birth rooms,[3] birthing chambers,[4] and birthing suites[5]
  • "Gynecological help"[6] and "gynecological problems"[7] as concepts
  • Maternity wards[8]
  • Menstruation, as the noun "period"[9] and the verb "cycles",[10] pads for menstrual hygiene called "absorption pads"; avoiding periods by taking "suppressants"[10] or "suppressant shots"[9] (... but all of this only in New Canon)
  • Midwives[11][12]
  • Miscarriages (see below)
  • Obstetrics[7][13][14] and obstetricians[11]
  • Pregnancy surrogacy as a concept[12] (described but those specific words aren't used)
  • Saying "water [...] broke"[15] when meaning the release of amniotic fluid
  • Surgical delivery[16][note 1] (described but those specific words aren't used)

Menstruation[]

Mariek sat down on the edge of the bed. [...] "It was the blood alarm, and I don’t think it was a sewing accident this time."

Saché looked puzzled for a moment, and then connected the line between her cramps and the alarm. She looked under the covers and her face turned bright red.

"We keep the absorption pads in the bathroom," she said quietly, hoping the bed would swallow her whole. "The instructions are on the package. I can figure it out."

"I'll take care of the laundry," Mariek said.

Panaka was waiting for her in the hallway. He looked at the sheet she was carrying, considerably perplexed.

— Security alert: Saché had her first period[10]

Unless every person who's written about this topic in relation to Star Wars has missed something, menstruation was never even vaguely hinted at until a euphemistic mention in Beth Revis's Rebel Rising: "Idryssa brought Jyn real clothes and had a private conversation with her about hygiene and health."[17]

Periods are explicitly talked about and happen on-page in Queen's Peril.[9][10] During a royal tour, Sabé stands in as the Queen on the day Padmé's period starts because "she spent the first few hours of the day in bed waiting for the painkillers to kick in". Yané attributes this to being under more stress than usual and Rabé is surprised that Padmé isn't on suppressant shots.[9] Mariek Panaka says the "older girls" (Eirtaé, Rabé, Sabé, and Yané) likely take them, as does "literally every guard who cycles" because "We're busy people".[10]

Poor, poor Saché: she's twelve years old and her first period triggers a security alert. Captain Quarsh Panaka (aka Panaka) put a blood-sensitive sensor in the Queen's bedroom that was intended to alert him to injuries, completely failing to consider what else could set it off. Saché happens to be sleeping off cramps in that bed, and here comes Panaka, demanding to know where the Queen is. Mariek is exasperated with her husband for that and helps Saché.[10]

The actual word "menstruation" is only used in the Acknowledgments when author E.K. Johnston thanks for editor Jen Heddle for "that scene where we made sure someone's going to have to add a menstruation page to Wookieepedia".[18]

Her prompting worked. The same day as the book's release, I created the Menstruation page[19] (eventually moved to the name Period) and told her via Tumblr's Ask feature. She shared some behind-the-scenes details about the hygiene moment in Rebel Rising.[20] — Immi Thrax Naboo-hand (she/her)

Immi Thrax (Ask)
Just created the Menstruation page for Wookieepedia-- I hope you and Jen will be pleased!
E.K. Johnston (Response)
This does make me happy. :)
@maptowhereialreadyam
https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Menstruation

#menstruation #in a galaxy far far away? #it's more common than you think #thank you ek! #thank you wookieepedia editors
E.K. Johnston
HERE'S THE LINK

also, Beth Revis mentions feminine hygiene in REBEL RISING (Saw gets someone to have The Talk with Jyn because, god, can you imagine Saw EVEN TRYING THAT???), if, um, anyone wants to edit.

ETA: according to Beth, the idea came from Jason C Fry, who asked if maybe they should include something where Saw realized a way he couldn't parent Jyn, and brought in back up.
— Tumblr thread[20]

Johnston discussed the same points in a Rebel Legion interview, and also added: "I so wish I'd been able to go on tour with this book for a variety of reasons, but one of them is that I wanted to talk to Pablo Hidalgo about that scene, because his notes were like 'oh god, this is so awkward!' And then every woman in the Story Group was just dying in the comments underneath! It was amazing!"[21]

Birth control and family planning[]

Over in New Canon, we don't have detail on exactly how "suppressants"[10]/"suppressant shots" stop periods.[9] If they're anything like real-life, something that stops periods would also be a form of birth control.

Closer look: Mara Jade Skywalker[]

Mara Jade Skywalker realizes she's pregnant with her and Luke Skywalker's son at a time when her disease (infection with Yuuzhan Vong coomb spores) is in remission due to her use of Vergere's tears.[note 2][22] Whenever the disease is active, it attacks her cellular integrity. She has previously felt it affecting discrete organs; specifically:[23] "It had attacked her reproductive system before".[24] She's afraid if she conceives a child, the disease will mutate its cells or kill it.[23][24] While opening up to the Force with the intent of reaching towards someone else, she instead detects something different about herself. As she does self-inventory, she has an "odd sense focused deep in her uterus, on one side", probes with the Force, and senses multiplying cells with both her own and Luke's life-signature:

By all the star dragons ever spawned, that could mean only one thing.

Mara's eyes flew open. Her arms and legs stiffened. Pregnant? This couldn't have happened! She'd taken all precautions. Her bizarre disease had transformed molecules and cells and attacked discrete organs. It could be death or disfigurement—or some other, unimaginable horror—to an unborn child. She clenched a fist. What could she do? There were medical options—

Like a garu-bear defending her cub, she attacked that thought instantly. She would let no medical aide harm her child—

Again her own thoughts caught her up. Her child?

Did she carry her posterity or her death inside her?

— Mara Jade Skywalker, realizing she's pregnant[24]

Mara immediately speaks with Luke and one of the things she says is, "But this wasn't supposed to happen." He comments, "Maybe Vergere's medicine made you vulnerable to the Force, as an agent of life."[24]

The book is clear that Mara was not planning to have a family. It doesn't explicitly state "Mara used birth control" (and it wasn't 100% effective/she had a medication interaction), but it sounds like it. Her initial realization about her pregnancy also quickly brushed over and was not explicit about this, but Mara seems to have fleetingly considered an abortion ("medical options").

Species-specific[]

Bith "family planning" is about producing one or more children for separate individuals. If someone wants to become a parent, they take a DNA sample to a Computer Mating Service (CMS) to be analyzed and compared against other samples. CMS computer models give the customer projected outcomes ("child-patterns") for combining their DNA with "a dozen suitable mates". The customer ranks the child-patterns in order of preference, and if another customer has ranked the same ones in a similar order, CMS arranges a meeting. The pair (or their representatives) negotiate how many offspring will be created and for which Bith. (Spoilers for CW/TW: ableism) "Bith procreative technology has progressed to the point of eliminating birth defects", so who would hypothetically have "liability" isn't something they consider in these negotiations.[note 3] If an agreement is reached, each Bith sends their respective cells "for fertilization and incubation" at a Reproduction Center. A year later, the agreed-upon children are delivered to each parent;[2] The Essential Guide says: "Though couples may not live together, each parent is given children to rear in their respective homes".[25][note 4]

The second edition of Galaxy Guide 4 says vaguely that Bith "are, apparently, unable to reproduce any other way",[2] while The Essential Guide to Alien Species summarizes: "over time they have lost the ability to reproduce naturally."[25] Both of these are toned down (retconned?) from the first edition: "The organs necessary to reproduce organically have atrophied past the point of being able to function procreatively."[26]

The most prevalent religion of the Ho'Din species, [Dinante Fli'R] (brackets per original), teaches that their ancestors were mobile plants who were changed into animals as punishment for sins against [Dinegia] (the passive force of nature). One belief is that protecting their natural ecosystem will complete [Flik'a kirki] (Virtuous Circle of Nature) and they'll be reborn as plants. Conception is part of their religious practice:[27]

Ho'Din mate for life, and reproduction is blessed only if the church condones it. In these cases, a priestess acts as an intermediary, distributing the "seed" of life, which she has "gathered" from the male, to the female, in imitation of the manner in which insects play a part in the fertilization of plants. (Spoilers for CW/TW: justifying child murder) Children born without the sanction of this ceremony are drugged into sleep and sacrificed to the forest floor, where Dinegia can purify their souls.
— Maybe don't let the Ho'Din species decide what counts as killing?[27]

The end of that sentence was revised from the first edition and an entire sentence was left out: (Spoilers for CW/TW: downplaying child murder) "... where Nature can purify their soul. Parents rarely make such a sacrifice, however, since the Ho'Din are masters of herbal birth control."[28][note 5]

Pregnancy[]

Comic book panel: Sana Starros (who has hair locs and green-accented clothes) touches the pregnant belly of Aryssha (who has straight hair and wears a blue-violet and black dress).

Sana Starros (left) learns that her cousin Aryssha (right) is pregnant with twins.

Pregnancy depictions include:

During the Clone Wars, a rumor has reached Vallt "that the human women of Coruscant no longer carry or deliver their own progeny—that they hire others to do that for them." Galen Erso responds, "Not on the Coruscant I know."[12] The truth is unclear.

Labor and childbirth[]

Multiple comic book panels

Thumbs up, time for another baby! Leia Organa Solo has given birth to Jaina and now it's Jacen's turn, while Han holds on.

Characters whose labor occurs within a story's timeframe, whether or not childbirth is actually depicted in the story:

  • Legends & New Canon · Padmé Amidala—with Luke and Leia[29]
  • Legends · Leia Organa Solo—book and comic adaptation include her first contraction and giving birth to Jaina and Jacen Solo;[3][45] comic book shows her beginning her labor with Anakin Solo and then skips to after he's born[46]
  • Legends · Mara Jade Skywalker—birth of Ben Skywalker is off-page with labor pains sensed on-page by the baby's cousin Anakin Solo[47]
  • Legends · Satele Shan—with Theron Shan[48]
  • New Canon · Aryssha—with Desana and Thevera[15][1]
  • New Canon · Leia Organa—with Ben Solo[4]

Satele Shan opens the Old Republic-era novel Annihilation with a scene of her giving birth... in a cave... attended only by her (highly questionable) mentor.[49] (They survive!)

Aryssha has been confined to a birthing suite by her Imperial officer husband, Cerasus Ehllo, but her mother (Mevera Starros) and Grammy (Thea Starros) catch up to her while she's in bed and a childcare droid is standing beside a puddle. She tells them, "My water just broke", and is in labor on the closing page.[15] In the next issue, Mevera and Thea assist her as she continues laboring and gives birth to Desana and Thevera, twin girls (Thea: "For now, at least. You never know what the future holds." Is someone in the family trans?)[1]

Mevera
Breathe, Aryssha, breathe.
Aryssha
I am! Gah! Where's Sana?
Mevera
A little help, Ma?
Childcare droid
Would you care for ice chips?
Aryssha (panting)
Shut. Up. Droid.
— While Aryssha is in labor[1]

Thanks to the continuity split, we get three different pregnancies and births between the two versions of Leia. In New Canon, she was so determined to be present for the signing of the Imperial Instrument of Surrender that the ceremony occurs while she's in her third hour of labor. She didn't tell Han that she was in labor at all until after the ceremony, but her hurried her off afterward to a birthing chamber in Hanna City, Chandrila. The birth doesn't happen on-page.[4]

Stories of the birth range from the dramatic and fortuitous to the utterly inauspicious—one story suggests that the birthing chamber was occupied for three whole days while Leia struggled. Another tells the tale that it was fast and painless: She merely needed to calm herself and meditate to make the moment as untroubled as a mountain lake.

— Rumors of Leia's labor are greatly exaggerated[4]

Birth and death[]

Characters whose death occurs during or is related to childbirth:

  • Legends & New Canon · Padmé Amidala, survived by both Luke and Leia[29]
  • Legends · Maykia, survived by daughter Nadia Grell[50]

Miscarriage and stillbirth[]

Yes, despite this topic getting deleted elsewhere, miscarriages and stillbirths occur in the GFFA.[note 6] Characters who have them include:

  • Legends · Breha Organa (five miscarriages)[51][52]
  • Legends · Teneniel Djo (lost her would-be second child)[53]
  • New Canon · Siv (at least two pregnancy losses)[54]

The Legends versions of Breha and Bail Organa conceived multiple times, but by the time of the Clone Wars, Breha has her fifth miscarriage.[51][52] She almost died that time, and afterward, her healers advised against attempting another pregnancy since it could kill her. Bail shares this news with Mon Mothma[51] and his friend Tryn Netzl; the latter previously recommended "the best fertility doctor in the Republic" to try to help and drank with him after each one. The narrative says of the Organas that "their last hope for a child was exhausted".[52][note 7]

Ta'a Chume
Teneniel Djo should have led the dancing, but she did not attend. Do you know why?
[Jaina shook her head.]
Ta'a Chume
Her health did not permit. She was expecting a second child, an heir to the throne of Hapes, or at the very least a son who might find a suitable wife. Then came the attack upon Fondor and the destruction of the Hapan fleet. Teneniel Djo is not precisely a Jedi, but she is what I believe you call Force-sensitive.
Jaina Solo
That's right.
Ta'a Chume (with disdain)
She felt the destruction of the fleet, the deaths of our pilots. The shock was more than she could bear. The child was born too soon, and born dead. Teneniel Djo has never fully recovered.
Jaina Solo
It's possible to feel actual pain through the Force, and to experience strong emotions. One of the things a Jedi learns to do is guard against constant bombardment. Teneniel Djo's sensitivity was stronger than her shields. That doesn't make her weak.
— Ta'a Chume dismisses her daughter-in-law Teneniel Djo's grief to Jaina Solo[55]

Teneniel Djo, who is Force-sensitive and the Queen Mother of the Hapes Consortium, does not give live birth to her second child. It's unclear how far along this pregnancy was when she sensed the deaths of the Hapan fleet, triggering her loss. The Essential Reader's Companion labels it a miscarriage.[56] In Dark Journey, it's discussed but not depicted on-page. Her mother-in-law, Ta'a Chume, judges her for having wanted another child and for grieving this death.[53] Ta'a Chume later discusses this with Jaina Solo, who is herself grieving her younger brother and knows Teneniel's living daughter and heir, Tenel Ka. The description given this time sounds more like a stillbirth than a miscarriage.[55]

In a chapter set "10 years ago" on Captain Phasma's homeworld, Parnassos, her home community (the Scyre) is dwindling in number and greatly values children: "In the last ten years, however, babies had become rare and pregnancy most often ended in tragedy. Whether it was something in the air or the acidic rain, or maybe a lack of vital nutrients, most children were lost before their mothers' bellies even began to swell."[57] In the Parnassos chapters, Siv is in early in her current pregnancy; "She'd told no one her own secret yet, as most children ended in blood before they began."[58] She's previously "lost two children that she knew of, after she'd begun to show but before they were fully formed." Aside from the high probability of another miscarriage, she's aware that even if she brings this pregnancy to term, she has to "survive the bloody fight to bear and deliver it."[54] Despite nearly dying from radiation sickness, she survives it without harm to to her baby girl, Torbi, who is born healthy.[59]

During Etain Tur-Mukan's pregnancy,[31] Null ARC trooper Ordo is concerned about this possibility: "He had no idea—yet—what to do with a pregnant Jedi who was showing signs of miscarriage on a backworld planet a long way from competent gynecological help, but he'd find out."[6] Her symptoms of concern, which are true to real life, are blood loss and cramps.[7] (She does not have a miscarriage.)

While Leia Organa Solo is pregnant with twins Jaina and Jacen, Lando Calrissian wonders what the Imperials want with their attempts to abduct Leia. Han Solo concludes they want the twins based on how they didn't attempt stun weapons, which could cause a miscarriage.[60][61]

After Mara decided to proceed with her pregnancy,[24] her fears of birth defects or fetal death remain: "If she got sick now, her child could be destroyed—if he wasn't already doomed."[62] She is at risk of his death in utero during the final month of her pregnancy. When she ran out of Vergere's tears[note 2] a few in-universe months prior to Rebirth, she began taking a synthesized version, a compound of (mumble mumble "a sequence of chemicals" authorial handwave) and saline. The substances have assisted Mara's body with cellular reproduction that was disrupted by the infection. They also mistakenly treat the fetus as an illness to be fought.[63]

Mara's own immune system resists being told to fight the fetus. As the physician Ism Oolos explains: "Over time, the residue of this conflict has built up enough to cause toxic shock." He further cautions: "The synthesized tears are having an unforeseen effect on the placenta. The actual attack was triggered by stress, but continuing to take them might well lead to the death of the child."[note 8] The Jedi healer Cilghal agrees with him. Mara's body will eventually flush out the toxins over time, but for this next month of pregnancy, they'll remain at the danger level. Attempting to artificially flush the toxins also puts the baby at risk. Based on Cilghal and Oolos's answers and her own intuition through the Force, Mara decides to discontinue the synthetic tears.[63] She also declines multiple times to have someone induce labor[63][16][64] or "do it surgically",[16][note 1] as she senses that she and the child will both die if she does not give birth.[64] Ben Skywalker is later born to her off-page and they both survive.[47]

The Force and pregnancy[]

Etain Tur-Mukan used the Force and healing trances to accelerate her pregnancy. When she was about 90 days pregnant, she had progressed her pregnancy to roughly the fifth or sixth month of development.[7]

Tenel Ka, the Jedi Knight who became the Hapan queen, used the Force to slow down her pregnancy with Jacen Solo's daughter (later named Allana). She carried this pregnancy for about twelve months to help conceal Jacen's identity because she'd last seen him a year prior, so it seemed like he couldn't be the father. (He initially assumes it, too, when they reunite and he learns she has a week-old baby.) It's also an issue that she's had a child outside of wedlock, specifically not within a marriage to a Hapan noble.[65]

Specialist care[]

Comic book panel: Leia, pregnant and wearing a gray dress, turns away and says, "Excuse me..

Leia Organa Solo excuses herself to go into labor with her twins, Jaina and Jacen.

Jedi Master and healer Cilghal is described as both obstetrician and midwife for Mara Jade Skywalker during the latter's pregnancy.[11]

Speaking of a midwife, while imprisoned on Vallt, Lyra Erso has a handmaiden who is one. Lyra gets luckier than Padmé since it's pretty clear from this handmaiden being "excited by the prospect of witnessing and assisting in a human birth" that she's non-human and hasn't been midwife to this species.[12]

Padmé, OTOH, mostly had droids helping her. A "top-flight medical droid" attends to her pregnancy in Legends, not a living being.[66] The film's Visual Dictionary says of the (living) alien medics, "Only two of the technicians that help deliver the Skywalker twins are trained physicians." The rest are "exobiolologists" [sic] for the archaeological team. The white-faced droid assisting with her labor is labeled as a midwife droid, but it doesn't seem designed to be one:[67]

The current Polis Massan team has had limited contact with humans, and knows little about delivering human children. After consulting their databanks, the medtechs select as midwife a padded droid, equipped with a thermal cushion and paddle appendages with which to cradle the newborns.
— This is a "midwife droid"?[67]

New Canon's Droidography instead makes this Chroon Tan B-Machine a dedicated midwife droid instead of something repurposed.[68] Darth Vader's forensics droid ZED-6-7 also identifies it as a Chroon-Tan B-Machine midwifery droid (guessing on capitalization because it's comic dialogue in all-caps), and calls the room in the medical facility where she gave birth a "maternity ward".[8]

Notes[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Caesarean section" would be such an Earth term to use and what would the "C" in c-section stand for? "Do it surgically" it is, then!
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vergere's tears have healing properties. After Mara was infected by the Yuuzhan Vong's coomb spores, Vergere provided a vial of her own tears for Mara to use as a treatment. It was effective.
  3. ↑ The quote and the paraphrasing of even worse wording suggests a normalization of eugenicist narratives and practices, which is its own set of issues, as highlighted in discussions of reproductive health and disability rights.
  4. ↑ It isn't clear if the "may not" in "may not live together"[25] means "it is possible that they do not live together" or "they are not permitted to live together".

    The same book misuses the term "artificial insemination",[25] possibly mistaking it as describing any assisted reproduction technology when that specifically occurs within a body. What's actually described—fertilization and incubation in a separate setting—constitutes in vitro fertilization. Bith aren't getting inseminated.
  5. ↑ We don't know the reasoning for the second edition Ho'Din still religiously roleplaying plants-and-insects and killing unsanctioned offspring but no longer being "masters of herbal birth control" who could affect those birth rates. Did Lucasfilm delete birth control (for this species or the entire GFFA) or just decide not to mention it again?
  6. ↑ IRL, the term miscarriage (aka early pregnancy loss, sometimes as spontaneous abortion) generally refers a pregnancy ending before 20 gestational weeks. Stillbirth (aka fetal death) refers to this occurring sometime after 20-28 weeks. Birth before 36 weeks is premature, while a full-term pregnancy ("carrying to term") is anywhere from 37-42 weeks.
  7. ↑ Bail and Breha are determined to have a child that's biologically theirs before deciding to adopt. Is pregnancy surrogacy for humans just not the route they want to go or not even a thing in the Galactic Republic during Legends? Siege was published in 2010, well after surrogacy techniques were developed here on Earth.
  8. ↑ Fictional cause but true to life: maternal and fetal immune systems can come into conflict for various reasons, such as Rh disease/rhesus incompatibility, but our galaxy is still working on understanding this stuff. Placental toxicity, maternal toxicity, and fetal toxicity also exist IRL, with various possible causes.

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 New Canon · Sana Starros, issue #5, "Family Matters"—"Part Five: Facts of Life", by Justina Ireland. Published 2023 by Marvel Comics.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Legends · Galaxy Guide 4: Alien Races, "Bith", by Chuck Truett in the series Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game. Published 1994 by West End Games. Second edition, revised for compatibility with Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game, Second Edition (1992).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Legends · The Last Command, Chapter 5, by Timothy Zahn.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 New Canon · Aftermath: Empire's End, Chapter Thirty-Eight, by Chuck Wendig. Published 2017 by Del Rey.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 New Canon · Sana Starros, issue #1, "Family Matters"—"Part One: Back to Basics", by Justina Ireland. Published 2023 by Marvel Comics.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Legends · True Colors, chapter 7, by Karen Traviss.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Legends · True Colors, chapter 8, by Karen Traviss.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 New Canon · Darth Vader (2020), issue #5 by Greg Pak. Published 2020 by Marvel Comics.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 New Canon · Queen's Peril, Chapter 8, by E.K. Johnston in the series Queen's Trilogy. Published 2020 by Disney-Lucasfilm Press.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 New Canon · Queen's Peril, Chapter 14, by E.K. Johnston in the series Queen's Trilogy. Published 2020 by Disney-Lucasfilm Press.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Legends · Jedi Academy Training Manual, "Chapter V: Instructors and Alumni"—"Cilghal", by Rodney Thompson, Eric Cagle, Patrick Stutzman, and Robert Wieland in the series Star Wars Roleplaying Game Saga Edition. Published 2009 by Wizards of the Coast.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 New Canon · Catalyst: A Rogue One Novel, "Chapter 2: Isolation", by James Luceno. Published 2016 by Del Rey.
  13. ↑ Legends · Star Wars Technical Journal, "Planetary Medical Units", by Shane Johnson. Published 1995 by Boxtree (UK); Del Rey (US). "Preventive treatment is covered here, unlike the combat injury specialization found aboard the hospital ship, and the greater staff of physicians at ground bases can afford to specialize in such areas as obstetrics and pediatric medicine."
  14. ↑ Legends · The Essential Guide to Droids, "Medical" — "MD Medical Specialist", by Daniel Wallace in the series Star Wars: Essential Guides. Published 1999 by Del Rey. "With each Emdee-Ten a specialist in a particular field such as cardiology, neurology, obstetrics, or dentistry, IA has endeared itself to niche practitioners and ensured the future of the MD series."
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 New Canon · Sana Starros, issue #4, "Family Matters"—"Part Four: Perfect Strangers", by Justina Ireland. Published 2023 by Marvel Comics.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Legends · Edge of Victory II: Rebirth, Chapter Twenty-Two, by Greg Keyes.
  17. ↑ New Canon · Rebel Rising, Chapter Four_, by Beth Revis. Published 2017 by Disney-Lucasfilm Press.
  18. ↑ New Canon · Queen's Peril, "Acknowledgments", by E.K. Johnston in the series Queen's Trilogy. Published 2020 by Disney-Lucasfilm Press.
  19. ↑ "Menstruation" - Revision as of 23:08, 2 June 2020 on Wookieepedia
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 [Untitled] (Tumblr Thread) by E.K. Johnston (@ekjohnston) on Words Words. Published 2020-06-03. Ask by Immi Thrax for E.K. Johnston and subsequent responses. (Archived on 2024-09-13)
  21. ↑ "Rebel Reads EK Johnston Interview" by Rebel Legion on YouTube. Posted on 2021-03-15.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Legends · Balance Point by Kathy Tyers in the series The New Jedi Order. Published 2000 by Del Rey.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Legends · Balance Point, Chapter Four, by Kathy Tyers.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 Legends · Balance Point, Chapter Nine, by Kathy Tyers.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Legends · The Essential Guide to Alien Species, "Bith", by Ann Margaret Lewis.
  26. ↑ Legends · Galaxy Guide 4: Alien Races, "Bith", by Troy Denning in the series Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game. Published 1989 by West End Games. First edition.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Legends · Galaxy Guide 4: Alien Races, "Ho'Din", by Chuck Truett in the series Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game. Published 1994 by West End Games. Second edition, revised for compatibility with Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game, Second Edition (1992).
  28. ↑ Legends · Galaxy Guide 4: Alien Races, "Ho'Din", by Troy Denning in the series Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game. Published 1989 by West End Games. First edition.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Legends & New Canon · Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith
  30. ↑ Legends · Triple Zero by Karen Traviss in the series Republic Commando. Published 2006 by Del Rey.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Legends · True Colors by Karen Traviss in the series Republic Commando. Published 2007 by Del Rey.
  32. ↑ Legends · Order 66 by Karen Traviss in the series Republic Commando. Published 2008 by Del Rey.
  33. ↑ Legends · The Hutt Gambit, "Chapter Six: Love at First Flight", by A. C. Crispin in the series The Han Solo Trilogy. Published 1997 by Bantam Spectra.
  34. ↑ Legends · Heir to the Empire by Timothy Zahn in the series The Thrawn Trilogy. Published 1991 by Bantam Spectra.
  35. ↑ Legends · Dark Force Rising by Timothy Zahn in the series The Thrawn Trilogy. Published 1992 by Bantam Spectra.
  36. ↑ Legends · The Last Command by Timothy Zahn in the series The Thrawn Trilogy. Published 1993 by Bantam Spectra.
  37. ↑ Legends · Dark Empire II by Tom Veitch. Published 1994 by Dark Horse Comics. Art by Cam Kennedy. Six issue miniseries.
  38. ↑ Legends · Edge of Victory I: Conquest by Greg Keyes in the series The New Jedi Order. Published 2001 by Del Rey.
  39. ↑ Legends · Edge of Victory II: Rebirth by Greg Keyes in the series The New Jedi Order. Published 2001 by Del Rey.
  40. ↑ New Canon · Sana Starros, issue #2, "Family Matters"—"Part Two: All in the Family", by Justina Ireland. Published 2023 by Marvel Comics.
  41. ↑ New Canon · Sana Starros, issue #3, "Family Matters"—"Part Three: Good Times", by Justina Ireland. Published 2023 by Marvel Comics.
  42. ↑ New Canon · Aftermath: Life Debt by Chuck Wendig. Published 2016 by Del Rey.
  43. ↑ New Canon · Aftermath: Empire's End by Chuck Wendig. Published 2017 by Del Rey.
  44. ↑ New Canon · Phasma, Chapter Six, by Delilah S. Dawson. Published 2017 by Del Rey. Part of Journey to Star Wars: The Last Jedi.
  45. ↑ Legends · The Last Command, issue #1 by Mike Baron. Published 1997 by Dark Horse Comics. Penciled and inked by Edvin Biukovic; lettered by Ellie DeVille; colored by Pamela Rambo. Comic book adaptation of the novel.
  46. ↑ Legends · Dark Empire II, issue #6 by Tom Veitch. Published 1994 by Dark Horse Comics. Art by Cam Kennedy.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Legends · Edge of Victory II: Rebirth, Chapter Forty-Six, by Greg Keyes.
  48. ↑ Legends · Annihilation, Prologue, by Drew Karpyshyn in the series The Old Republic. Published 2012.
  49. ↑ Legends · Annihilation, Prologue, by Drew Karpyshyn in the series The Old Republic. Published 2012.
  50. ↑ Legends · Star Wars: The Old Republic: Encyclopedia: The Definitive Guide to the Epic Conflict, "The Republic"—"Senator Tobas Grell", by Ian Ryan, Charles Boyd, Hall Holdo, Joanna Berry, Zach Bush, and James Jones. Published 2012 by DK. "Tobas doted on his wife throughout her pregnancy, but tragedy struck when she died in childbirth."
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 Legends · Republic, issue #61 by John Ostrander. Published 2004 by Dark Horse Comics.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Legends · Siege, Chapter Two, by Karen Miller in the series Clone Wars Gambit. Published 2010 by Del Rey.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Legends · Dark Journey, Chapter Eight, by Elaine Cunningham in the series The New Jedi Order. Published 2002 by Del Rey.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 New Canon · Phasma, Chapter Twenty-Three, by Delilah S. Dawson.
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Legends · Dark Journey, Chapter Sixteen, by Elaine Cunningham in the series The New Jedi Order. Published 2002 by Del Rey.
  56. ↑ Legends · The Essential Reader's Companion, "Chapter 7: The New Jedi Order" — "Dark Journey", by Pablo Hidalgo in the series Star Wars: Essential Guides. Published 2012 by Del Rey. "Extremely Force-sensitive, Teneniel was devastated by the loss of the Hapan fleet, which resulted in a miscarriage of her second child."
  57. ↑ New Canon · Phasma, Chapter Six, by Delilah S. Dawson.
  58. ↑ New Canon · Phasma, Chapter Twenty-One, by Delilah S. Dawson.
  59. ↑ New Canon · Phasma, Chapter Twenty-Eight, by Delilah S. Dawson.
  60. ↑ Legends · Heir to the Empire, chapter 20, by Timothy Zahn. Han Solo: "Why else didn't they just use stun weapons on us in that Bpfassh ambush? Because the things have a better than fifty-fifth chance of sparking a miscarriage, that's why."
  61. ↑ Legends · Heir to the Empire, issue #4 by Mike Baron. Published 1996 by Dark Horse Comics. Han Solo: "Why else didn't they use stun weapons on Bpfassh? Because they can cause a miscarriage." Comic book adaptation of the novel.
  62. ↑ Legends · Balance Point, Chapter Seventeen, by Kathy Tyers.
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 Legends · Edge of Victory II: Rebirth, Chapter Eight, by Greg Keyes.
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 Legends · Edge of Victory II: Rebirth, Chapter Twenty-Nine, by Greg Keyes.
  65. ↑ Legends · The Unseen Queen, Chapter Four, by Troy Denning in the series The Dark Nest Trilogy. Published 2005 by Del Rey.
  66. ↑ Legends · Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith, Part Two: Seduction, "9: Padmé", by Matthew Stover. Published 2005 by Del Rey.
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Legends · Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith: The Visual Dictionary, "Polis Massans", by David West Reynolds. Published 2005 by DK Publishing.
  68. ↑ New Canon · Star Wars: Droidography, "Service Droids", by Marc Sumerak. Published 2018 by HarperFestival. R0-GR: "Unlike droids, humans and aliens usually aren't assembled in factories. As someone who's been with one human family for multiple generations, I'm well aware that the organic birthing process is rather complicated. Fortunately, the Chroon-Tan B-Machine is a midwife droid programmed to safely deliver your latest models off your internal assembly line and into the world with minimal startup issues. Not onlu that, but the thermal cushions that help the B-Machine warm and cradle newborns also make them great huggers. What? Even droids can use a good hug now and then!"
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